Pump



2 Sheets-Sheet l N\ 4 I Q mh 3/? 0m II 1 Tm E. BENEDEK Oct. 8, 1935.

Filed March 21, 1932 RA/QQ Ot. 8, 1935. E. BENEDEK' 2,016,812

' Filed March 21, 1952 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Oct. 1935 I UNITEDSTATES PATEN 'liO'FFlCE rum Elck Benedek, Mount Gilead. Ohio ApplicationMarch 21, 1932, Serial No. 00,19.

15 Claims. (oi. 103- 401 This invention relates to variable deliverypumps and motorsjof the internally driven rotary piston type. for useprimarily in high pressure 'fluid transmission systems.

5 Pumps and motorsof. the type herein above renecting rods bearingon'the periphery of of the connecting rods between the eccentric ferredto include ordinarily a variable stroke mechanism comprising astationary eccentric shaft made by an outer eccentric member and aninner eccentric member, and the outer eccentric member is provided withmechanism whereby its angular position on the inner eccentric member canbe varied to thereby vary'the stroke of the pistons in the cylinders,the pistons having conouter eccentric member. u

The purpose of the present invention is to simplify the variablestrokemechanism and provide a single rotary member thereof. The eliminationmember and pistons will provide a novel connection between the rotarymember or planetary eccentric and the associated pistonsfin which thedirection of each hydraulic piston load will coincide with the axis ofthe reciprocation of the piston and eliminates'the wearvon thecooperative surfaces of piston and cylinder assembly, and

thereby increases the efliciency of the pump or motor.

According. to the spirit of this invention 'a single rotary planetaryeccentric is used Ior'the drive of the pistons.- Universal couplingmeans are used between the planetary eccentric and the impeller shaft toallow transverse shift or the planetary eccentric member. The pump andmotor may have the same constructlon. however the eccentricity oi themotor is ordinarily constant and this eliminates the stroke adjust- Ving mechanism from the motor.

- v The pistons areaof the crankless T-head type, provided with atangential crosshead rigidly .connectedtothe'piston propertooperatethepisdirections.

Another novel feature of sistsoftheprovisionoiapumpcasing'havingacyiindricaJ-openingat one end and a pair of tangential parallelshoulders at the other end to engage rigidly a slidable strokecontrolling block.

The torque transmitting members between im-.

peller and adiustable have pure harmonic oscillation relative to theircooperative members during-rotation.

Further novelty of present pump or motor lies in the fact that duringtheoperation of thepump,

the planetary eccentric is in perfect balance, including the cooperativepistons. m is evithe this invention con- .dent for the zero deliveryposition when the whole rotary system rotates aroundthe geometrical axisof the pump, at which time all the rotary parts are in perfect balance,It will be seen that during stroke periods of the pump the 5 radialsystem of pistons will effect the perfect dynamic balance also of theplanetary eccentric by gettingthe crossheads more crowded at one side ofthe eccentric than at the other. i

. Another object of myinventionis to provide 10 a. planetating pistonactuating means, whereby each piston will'have two pressure and twosuction strokes during each revolution and thereby to 'eiIecthydrostatically balanced load conditions in the barrel and its doubleacting cylindrical 15 valve member .oripintle, whereby to unload thebearings of the barrel andeliminateseizure between. pintle and barrel.The invention is more specifically described in 7 connection with the.attached drawings which 20 'sliow onejorm ot the inventive idea.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal horizontal sectional view of a pumpconstructed in accordance with; present invention. is taken on the 25horizontal main axis-of the pump, on line. l--I in Fig. 9. s

2isatransversesectionalviewtakenon line'l-linllgurc-l.

averflcalcrosssectiontaken on 9 inligurel.pumpshowninthedrawlngsisenclosed comprisingahollowcylindrical case llclosedatitscndsbyendcovers II and respectively. The parts of thehousingconstitute aliquidtightreservoirwithiootportions l3 and It for themounting of the pump on a suitable bed plate.

'lhes'tatlonal'ydistributororpintlellisrisidly secured'inthehub portionll'otendeover l 2 vand projects inwsrdlyinto-thecasingtoengage arotarycylindcrbarrel lisuwor atitsends onanti-irictlolibeaflngs It andI1, withthevlew u to center the barrel withflrespect to the pintle, andeliminate wear and metallic friction therebetween and provide acontinuous capillary oil film also. Planetary eccentric I8 has twofiattenedend portionsas at H! and 20 respectively which are set at 90degree position with respect to each other. A plurality of tangentialgrooveways 2| are provided to receive the associated crossheads 22 ofpiston 23. The pistons are fitted for radial reciprocation in theirassociated cylinders 24, and are removable through radial pipe plugs 25.The planetary eccentric l8 has a plurality of peripheral T-slots 2| withlip portions 26 p to effect the suction stroke of the pistons whereasthe pressure stroke is effected by the tangential reaction surfaces 21,the bottom surface of the T-slots 2|. End portion I9 of the planetaryeccentric IB is fitted in the slotted portion 28 of the cylinder barrel|5-for sliding reciprocation as shown in Fig. 2 supported on oil film oron proper anti-friction bearings. The slotted groove-way 28 of thecylinder barrel cooperates with the slotted groove-way 29 of a rotaryadjustable member 30, and they are set 90 degrees apart in regard toeach other as illustrated in Fig: 1 and transverse sections of Fig. 2and Fig. 5 respectively. Cylin-- ders 24 are in communicationalternatively during their rotation with distributor ports 34, 34, 35and 35 respectively as shown in Fig. 3. Centrifugal channels 33 leadinto the cylinders 24 which are in communication with suction and ordelivery passages 3|, 32, 38 and 39 respectively.

Referring to Fig. 6 it will be seen that each pump port 34, 34, 35 and35' is in axial communication with a corresponding valve end head portas shown in the figure, S, D, S, D respectively through axial passages3|, 38 and 39, 32 respectively.

With further reference to the figure, the diametrically opposite portsin the head l2 are in communication with each other as indicated in thefigure through appropriate pipings. The flow of fluid between one set ofports of S and S respec tively is shown and the direction is indicatedby the arrows 31 whereas the similar connection between the deliveryports D and D, is shown as at the arrows 36'. The main inlet and outletreversible ports orpump mains 36 and 31 provide inlets and outlets foraforesaid S, S and D, D chambers respectively. The outside oil circuitis connected to said pump mains by heavy pipe flanges in a well knownmanner.

With reference to Fig. 3 it is evident that in ports 34 and 35 or 34 and35', there is the same vide for the axial misalignment of the planetaryeccentric and the pintle. Rotary member 36 furthermore has an axiallyextending flat portion 41 for radial reciprocation in the cooperativefioating member 48 and for the transmission of the torque of theconcentric impeller shaft 50 through the axially extending fiat portion49 of the fioating member 48 as shown in Figs. 4 and 7 respectively.Impellershaft 50 is supported on antifriction bearing 5| and packedagainst leakage by packing rings 52 and packing gland 53 which latter isfastened to end cover by cap screws 54.

In Fig. 1 anti-friction bearing l6 may be directly mounted on end coverI2, instead of on 5 the enlarged portion of the distributor M which issupported by end cover l2.

As previously pointed out when rotary member 30 is adjusted laterally ineccentric position in regard to the center line of the rotating cylinder10 barrel, the pistonswill resume reciprocation in their cylinders, dueto the characteristic motion of member l8.

It follows from the foregoing analysis that since the planetaryeccentric I6 is fully balanced, it 55 will operate in a distinct anddifferent manner with respect to the control member 30, than any pistonactuating member heretofore known in variable delivery pumps. Since therotor I8 is unloaded, its supporting end flats are also un- 20 loaded.This is particularly important for the control member 36, since it issupported in bearing means such as 4| and 42, which have substantiallyvery short span, consequently an unbalanced load at the left end thereofby flat 26 as 25 shown in Fig. 5 would impose considerable transverseload therein, which would result in sudden wear, or too expensivebearing structure for the support of member 36. It is further evidentthat the balanced performance of the control mem- 30 her 30 will allowbalanced operation for the adjacent coupling member 48 and thedriveshaft 50 respectively, so that these last named members willtransmit only driving torque, and will be free of any lateral ortransverse bending stresses which 35 is not true in pumps of presentcommercial design as hereinabove referred to. The novel working methodof my planetary piston actuating means l8, thus further results in anyeasy shift of member 46, the bearing housing of the stroke 40 controlmechanism, since there is no transverse force which would act in thebearings 4| and 42 and between their housing 40, and control means Theindividual cylinder and piston assemblies 45 on the pressure sides willbe under the hydraulic load of the fluid. Piston crossheads 22 will takeup at all times the entire piston load, the crosshead and crosshead waybeing always perpendicular to the direction of reciprocation. This 5advantage of the crankless piston construction is increased by the factthat virtually all the driving of the cylinder barrel is effectedmechanically by the fiat portion I9 of the rotary eccentric la insteadof by the piston units themselves. 55

The fluid capacity in passages 33 provides compressibility for thepistons in their outer dead centers at the end of the compression cycle,when cylinder ports 55 are blocked off for. a. certain length of time,by the positive laps of the bridges 6 56, 56', 51 and 51' respectively,as shown in Fig. 3, wherein the cylinder ports 55 are considerablysmaller than the length of the bridges.

Further purpose of passages 33 connecting the outer ends of theindividual cylinders 24 is in 65 the provision of positive centrifugalpressure for thesuper-charging of the cylinders during the suctionstroke. This condition provides a better filling of the cylinders and agreater volume of pump delivery which means higherefiiciency of '7 thepump and more silent operation thereof. Although an even number ofpistons .are shown in th drawings for the simplicty of illustration, anyother number'of pistons may be used according to the requirement oftheduty for which the de- 75 pure harmonic motion during its strokes. Itis well known that the combination of uneven hum;-

ber of pistons will deliver smoother current than the combination ornext greater number of pistons. For this well known reason, where auniform stream of pressure fluid is required, ordinarily the minimumnumber oi piston and cylinder assembly comprises flve units.

In order-to increase the efliciency or the relatively sliding members inthe pump, various provisions may be made to retain a certain amount 01'the slip for useful lubrication. Although such provisions are not shownin the drawings, it is understood for instance that the counter-boredend portion of the cylinder barrel which surrounds the eccentric-may beprovided with an end.

abutment with the barrel end l5, so as to retain a certain amount ofslip past the several pistons to keep the crossheads flooded incentension members with oil. The case l0, however, will be drained toavoid viscous friction on the rorevolution of said rotor.

tating barrel and the churning up oioil.

The operationoi the pump is as follows: Irnpeller shaft." will be drivenby a suitable power such as an electric. motor, Diesel engine or alike.Asprevimsly" described theright hand support flat or the planetaryeccentric i8 is engaged slidingly in the slot 28 of the adjustablerelative eccentric 3|, whereas the left hand support flat I! is guidedin theslot 2B of the rotary barrel l5,

' thus the two endflatsoi the planetary eccentric are supported anddriven between or by two parallel-but axially offset members IS and 30respec- .tively, and forming with them the floating member of the wellknown Oldham coupling. 'I'herefore, so far as all the three members l5,II and 30 dorotate about a' common axis such as the axis of the pintleI, or the rotational axis of the impeller shaft", said three memberswill have a strokes during each revolution, with thesubsebodily rotationand no planetating takes place between the driving 30 and driven i5coupling members. -As soon as, however, the end members i5 and 3!willbeset to an axially ofi set position,

- which is done here by the shifting'ot the bearing housing 40 throughits control rods 43 and 44 respectively in either direction,the'planetary eccentric will begin to planetate and an average point.of-its periphery will describe an oval shape path in the space, whichpath is known'as the curve of Pascal :or Pascal Limacon. Thereiore, itis evident, that each 22 being driven and actuated by a slot if or theplanetary eccentricwill have two approaches and two retreats during eachrevolution, with the result of what is termed adouble actingpumpoperation, by givmg each piston'two suction and two. pressure quentresult of hydrostatic balance of all hydraulic members and mechanicalbalance of all rotary members.

Assuming pump main flias main intake connectio "(see Fig.6) the fluidwill be suckedinto.

. chambers S and S" which are in direct communi- I cation'throughpassage 58, or equalizing pipe con- 7b nections i9. chambers S and Sthefluid" v 3 Pump ports u' and as will'discharge its fluid throughaxial passages 32 and 38 of the pintle and thus the fluidvwill reachexit ports D and D Y and the exit main 36 otthe pump. Ports D and D areagain equalized by piping 60 and cross pas- 5 sage ii of the pintle.

.Various changes may be made in the detail design of the inventionhereinabove specifically described without parting from or sacrificingthe.

invention as defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is,

v 1. In a pump or motor or the character described, the combination witha casing, of a pintle rigidly secured therein and projecting into saidcasing, a rotor rotatable on said pintle, compris- 15 ing a barrelportion at one end and a circular flange portion at. the other end, aradial series of cylinders carried by said circular flange por-. tion,pistons for said cylinders to form a plurality of pumping units with thecylinders, piston ac- 2o 'tuat-ing means associated with said pumpingunits, an internal oil circuit formed with said pintle and said rotor todistribute. the working fluid of said pumping units, saidpistonactuating means including planetating means to effect two pumping cyclesin said pumping units ior'each 2. In apump or. motor of the characterdescribed, the combination with a casing, of a pintle rigidly securedtherein and projecting into said casing, a rotor rotatable-on saidpintle. comprising a barrelportion at one end and a circular flangeportion at the other end, a radial series of cylinders carried by saidcircular flange portion, pistons iorsaid cylinders to form a pluralityof pumping units with the cylinders, piston actuating means associatedwith said pumping units, an internal oil circuit formed with said pintleand said rotor to distribute the working fluid of said pumpingunits,said piston actuating means illeluding planetating means to effect twopumping cycles in said pumping units for each revolution of said rotor,and meansassociated' with said planetating means to vary-the amplitudeof the planetation and thereby the stroke of the pumping units.

3. In a pump or motor oi the character described, the combination with acasing, oi a pintle rigidly secured therein and projecting into-saidcasing, a rotor rotatable on said pintle, compris- 5o i ng'a barrelportion at one end anda circular flangeportion at the other end, aradial series of cylinders carried by said circular flangeportion,-pistons for said cylinders to form a plurality of pumping unitswiththe cylinders, piston actu- 35 ating means associated with saidpumping units, an' internal oil circuit formed, with said pintle andsaid rotor to distribute the working fluid of saidpumping units, saidpiston actuating means" including planetating means to eflect two pump-00 ing cycles in said pumping units for each revolutle in onerend of thecasing, a cylinder barrel, vrotatably supported in the casing,acylindrical flange portion elk-tending at one end or the barrel,

'piston actuating means within said cylindrical flange portion.) radialseries of piston and cylinder assemblies tor said cylindricalflangeportion and surrounding said piston actuating means in Working relationtherewith, driving means projecting at the opposite end of the casing,coupling means intermediate said driving and piston actuating meansrespectively to support one end of said piston actuating means, and bedriven therewith and means associated with aforesaid coupling means totransversely vary the axis of said coupling means with respect to saiddriving and piston actuating means respectively to thereby vary themotion of the piston actuating means and the stroke of the pistons.

5. In a pump or motor of the character described, the combination with acasing, of a pintle, a barrel, bearing means for both ends of the barrelmounted in the casing, a cylindrical flange portion extending at one endof the barrel, piston actuating means within said cylindrical flangeportion, a radial series of piston and cylinder assemblies surroundingsaid piston actuating means in working relation therewith, an internaloil circuit formed in said casing and barrel to provide ahydrostatically balanced load transmission between said pintle and saidbarrel, to unload the bearing means of the barrel, driving meansprojecting at the opposite end of the casing, coupling means betweensaid barrel and said piston actuating means and intermediate saiddriving and piston act-uating'means respectively, to adjustably supportthe ends ofsaid piston actuating means, and means associated with thelast mentioned coupling means to transversely shift the axis of saidcoupling means with respect to said driving and piston actuating meansand thereby vary the stroke of the-pistons, and the delivery of thepump.

6. In a pump or motor of the character described, the combination with acasing, of a pintle in one end of the casing, a cylinder barrel,rotatably supported in the casing, a cylindrical flange portionextending at one end of the barrel, piston actuating means within saidcylindrical flange portion, a radial series of piston and cylinderassemblies for said cylindrical flange portion and surrounding saidpiston actuating means in working relation therewith adjustably mounteddriving means for one end of said piston actuating means, intransversely adjustable relation thereto, bearing means for saidadjustably mounted driving means, stationarily mounted driving meansprojecting at the opposite end of the casing, planetating coupling meansbetween said adjustably mounted and said stationarily mounted drivingmeans respectively, and means associated with last mentioned drivingmeans to vary the eccentricity of said adjustably mounted driving meansand thereby the stroke of the pistons and the delivery of the pump.

7. In a pump or motor of the character described, the combination with acasing, of a planetating member, bearing means in the casing for saidplanetating member, supporting means in said bearing means for saidplanetating member, transversely adjustable means guided in the casingfor changing the relative position of said supporting means, to therebycause the planetating of said planetary member, a radial series ofpiston and cylinder assemblies grouped about said planetating member andoperated thereby, and means to adjust the relative position of'saidsupporting means to vary the amount of planetating and the amount of thestroke of said assemblies.

8. In a pump or motor or the character described, the combination with acasing. of 2.

casing for changing the relative position of said 5 supporting means, tothereby cause the planetating of said planetary member, valve-means inthe casing, a'stationary pintle in association with said valve means, abarrel rotatably mounted on said pintle and having a radial series ofcoopera- 10 tive port openings, a radial series of piston and cylinderassemblies in said barrel grouped about saidplanetating member andoperated thereby, communicating channels between each cylinder barrelport and the outside end of each cylinder 15 of said assemblies, controlmeans to adjust the relative position of said supporting means to varythe amount of planetating and the amount of the stroke of saidassemblies, driving means adjacent to said planetating means and meansintermediate said driving and planetating means to transmit the drivingtorque of said driving means to said planetating means.

9. In a pump or motor of the character described, the combination with acasing of a 25 planetating member, bearing means in the casing for saidplanetating member, supporting means in said bearing means for saidplanetating member, transversely adjustable means guided in the casingfor changing the relative position 30 of said supporting means, tothereby cause-the planetating of said planetary member, a radial seriesof piston and cylinder assembliesgrouped about said planetating memberand operated thereby, means to adjust the relative position of saidsupporting means to vary'the amount ,of, planetating and the amount ofthe stroke of said assemblies, crosshead means associated with thepistons, and means formed with said planetary member to provide positivedriving connection 40 between each piston and said planetary member L intwo directions.

10. In a pumpor motor of the character described, the combination of acasing, a stationary pintle, a rotor having at one end a barrel portionmounted on said pintle, and at its other end an axially extendingcircular flange surrounding a circular space, a radial series ofcylinders in said flange and opening into said space, pistons in saidcylinders, valve means in said pintle, pas- 50 sage means provided insaid rotor betweenvsaid valve means and the outer ends of said cylindersfor the supply and discharge fluid respectively,

'driving means for said rotor, piston actuat ing means associated withthe inner ends 5 of said pistons, torque transmitting means between thebarrel portion of said rotor and said piston actuating means, saidtorque transmitting means comprising an axially extending flat portionof said piston actuating means,v and so a receiving groove in saidbarrel in reciprocating bearing'relation thereto, and means associatedwith said piston actuating means to vary the stroke of the pistons andthe delivery or the pump.

11. In a pump or'motor of the character described, the combination of acasing, a stationary pintle, a rotor having at one end a barrel portionmounted on said pintle, and at its other end an axially extendingcircular flange sur- 70 rounding a circular space, a radial series ofcylinders in said flange and opening into said space, pistons in saidcylinders, valve means in said pintle, passage means provided in saidrotor between said valve means and the outer ends 7 of said .cylindersfor the supply and discharge fiuid respectively, driving means for saidrotor, piston actuating means associated with the inner ends of saidpistons, torque transmitting means between the barrel portion of saidrotor and said piston actuating means, said torque transmitting meanscomprising an axially extending flat portion of said piston actuatingmeans, and a receiving groove in said barrel in reciprocating bearingrelation thereto, and means associated with said piston actuating meansto vary the stroke of the pistons and the delivery of the pump, saidmeans including a rotary torque transmitting means mounted in thecasing, a flat extension projecting from said piston actuating means,and a mating cooperating slot provided in said torque transmittingmeans, to transmit the drivingrtorque of said torque transmitting meansto said piston actuating means while the one being adjusted withrespectto the other.

12. In a pump. or motor of the character de scribed, the combination ofa casing, a stationary pintle, a rotor having at one end a barrelportion mounted onsaid pintle, and at its other end an axially extendingcircular flange surrounding a circular space, a radial series ofcylinders insaid flange and opening into said space, pistons in saidcylinders, valve means in said pintle,

passage means provided in said rotor between said valve means and theouter ends of said cylinders for the supply and discharge fluidrespectively, piston actuating means associated with the inner ends ofsaid pistons, control means associated with said piston actuating means,coupling means between said control means and said piston actuatingmeans, driving means coaxially disposed withthe rotor, a secondarycoupling means between said driving means and said control means toadjustably engage one end of said control means and the adjacent end ofsaiddriving means respectively. 1

13. In a pump or motor of the character de scribed, the combination of acasing, a stationary pintle, a rotor having at one end a barrel portionmounted on said pintle, and at its other end an axially extendingcircular flange surrounding a circular space, a radial series ofcylinders in said flange and opening into said space, pistons in saidcylinders, valve means in said pintle, passage means provided in saidrotor, between said valve means and-the outer ends of said cylinders forthe supply and discharge fluid respectively, piston actuatingmeans-associated with the inner 'ends of said pistons, control meansassociated with said piston actuating means, coupling means between saidcontrol means and said piston actuating means, driving means coaxiallydisposed with said rotor, a secondary coupling means between saiddriving means and said control means to adjustably engage one end ofsaid control means and the adjacent end of said driving means, saidmeans comprising a torque transmitting planetating member, having flatextension portions at its ends in crosswise relation, and cooperativeslots, provided in the respective ends of said control means and saiddriving means.

14. In a pump or motor of the character de scribed, the combination of acasing, a stationary pintle, a rotor having at one end a barrel por- 5tion mounted on said pintle, and at its other end an axially extendingcircular flange surrounding a circular space, a radial series ofcylinders in said flange and opening into said space, pistons in saidcylinders, valve means in said pintle, passage means provided in saidrotor between said valve means and the outer ends of said cylinders forthe supply and discharge fiuid respectively, piston actuating meansassociated with the inner ends of said pistons, control means for saidpiston actuating means, supporting means for said piston actuatingmeansto planetate said piston actuating means, said supporting meanscomprising a flat portion carried by said piston. actuating means ateach end thereof and a receiving straight groove in the adjacent ends ofsaid rotor and said control means respectively, fixed driving meansadjacent. to said control means and means between said driving andcontrol means to provide free adjustment 25 for said control means withrespect to said driving means during the rotation of said fixed drivingmeans. 1

15. In a pump or'motor of the character described, the combination witha casing, of a pintie rigidly secured therein, a cylinder barrelrotatably supported in the casing and on said pintie respectively,driving means for said rotor, a cylindrical flange'section carried byone end of said cylinder barreland extending axially thereof, supportingmeans on each end of said barrel, bearing means for said supportingmeans, cylinders in said circular flange portion, pistons for saidcylinders, a crosshead associated with each pist0n,'valve means providedin the pintle, fluid supply means between the pintle and the.

' cylinders, piston actuating means, associated with the crossheads,said means including a planetating member having circumferentiallydisposed groove ways to operatively engage the 45 piston cross heads forreciprocating the same,

control means adjacent to said piston actuating means to vary theamplitude of planetation of said piston actuating means and thereby thestroke 'of the pistons, torque transmitting means between said pistonactuating means and said barrel and control means respectively, andplanetating means between said control means and said driving means, tothereby maintain driving relation between said driving means and said 5spaced radial bearings mounted in said housing,

arotor for saidradial bearings and means to secure said bearings on saidrotor.

ELEKBENEDEK. c5

